English 
Italiano 
Fiori di tarlo (worm flowers) – Small holes visible on the surface of the paper or in the binding resulting from the wormhole; the insect can also produce tiny granules in proximity of the holes.
Fioriture (Blooms) – Alterations of the appearance of the page surface of a book or of the blanket, caused by wet stains or molds that take color more or less intense both in relation to the amount of moisture absorbed both for the presence of microorganisms which feed on adhesives present in paper starch.
Fore edge painting – “Front Rim painted,” English expression that indicates the cutting of a book decorated with designs made by blocking the closed pages of a book by painting then the subject you want; images break by opening the book and then they back together closing it.
Fraktur – This is the most popular German Gothic font, designed in 1520 by the German calligrapher Johann Neudörffer and the puncher Hieronymus Andreae based on the series carved a decade earlier by the printer Johann Augusta Schönsperger. For over four hundred years remained the typical character for German press, repeatedly revived and reinterpreted.
Frottage – Indirect transfer of materials obtained by pressing a sheet of paper on the subject; the relief thus obtained is then inked as a normal matrix.
Frottis – Term used in bookbinding, indicating the reproduction on paper of the ornamental motifs of a binding; the footprint is obtained by rubbing a soft pencil lead on a sheet of paper resting on the decoration.
Galuchat (Stingray) – High-quality and expensive leather made of round and pearly grains, obtained from a breed fish in the Indian Ocean.
Gridario – Collection of proclamations, or edicts, orders or notices issued by the public authority in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, announced by an auctioneer. It can be in the form of letterpress collection made by an editor or as a set of loose sheets gathered in the volume edited by an archive or a private individual.
Illeopardito (Leopard, calf) – Calf leather used in bookbinding, irregularly spotted due to uneven skin discoloration.
Imbottito (Padded) – Also known as fourré, indicating that binding of the cardboard before being covered in leather is stuffed with batting to make it soft blanket.
Impresa (Device) – Symbolic representation of an intention, desire, or course of action that alludes – openly or tight – to a historical fact or a company conceived or accomplished. It consists of a figure (body) and a motto (soul) that integrate and explain each other.
Incunabulum – Derived from the expression “incunabola typographiae”, or “bands”, the “cradle” of the press; by convention means any printed book published before 1501.
